This paper presents analytical and numerical models for semirigid timber frame with Lagscrewbolt (LSB) connections. A series of static and reverse cyclic experimental tests were carried out for different beam sizes (400, 500, and 600 mm depth) and column–base connections with different numbers of LSBs (4, 5, 8). For the beam-column connections, with increase in beam depth, moment resistance and stiffness values increased, and ductility factor reduced. For the column–base connection, with increase in the number of LSBs, the strength, stiffness, and ductility values increased. A material model available in OpenSees, Pinching4 hysteretic model, was calibrated for all connection test results. Finally, analytical model of the portal frame was developed and compared with the experimental test results. Overall, there was good agreement with the experimental test results, and the Pinching4 hysteretic model can readily be used for full-scale structural model.

The beam-to-column connections in steel frames are assumed to be either pinned or rigid. Using pinned or rigid connections simplify the analysis, but they can not present the real behavior of the structure. Because, the experiments have shown that the connections under the loads will have some flexibility. Therefore, it is recommended that the flexibility of the connection should be included in the frame analysis. In this paper, the elastic secant stiffness matrix of a beam-column element with semi rigid connections under axial force, end moments and transverse distributed loads are derived. Second-order elastic and stability analysis of two-dimensional steel frames are carried out, afterward. The proposed stiffness matrix is very general and can be applied to a frame member with any type of connection. Furthermore, it is more accurate and efficient than the corresponding matrices obtained by other authors. In addition, this method uses only one element for each member and presents a single formulation for both tensile and compressive members in the analysis. Load-deflection curve and numerical values obtained by the suggested technique are compared with those found by other investigators. The effect of the connection flexibility on the equilibrium path and the stability load are also discussed.

Introduction: Fire and explosion are major hazards in hospital environments. The use of fire risk assessment methods is essential for preventing and managing these risks. The design of specialized software also plays a significant role in improving the accuracy and speed of assessments. This study aimed to assess fire risk in a hospital using the FRAME technique. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in one of the Alborz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Using the FRAME technique, three different fire risk modes were calculated separately for the building, contents, people, and activities inside the building (before and after the fire control measures). The required data was collected through field investigation, hospital documentation, parameter measurements, monitoring questionnaires, and checklists and calculated with the Excel software. Results: The findings of the study revealed a significant reduction in fire risk associated with buildings and their contents, with the average risk level decreasing from 0. 21 prior to the implementation of control measures to a markedly lower level of 0. 05 following these interventions. This substantial drop underscores the effectiveness of the control measures in mitigating potential hazards related to fire incidents. Conclusion: This study shows that the highest fire risk is mainly related to human factors, which emphasizes the critical need for targeted interventions. To effectively mitigate these risks, implementing automatic fire detection and suppression systems is not only recommended, but essential to protect life and property in healthcare environments. In addition, robust fire safety training to hospital staff is essential to increase their preparedness and ability to respond in an emergency.

Abstract : In this paper, we investigate frames and g-frames and show that constructs the direct sum of frames for a finite number of frames. also, We show under what condition it becomes g-frames to T *−g-frames. Finally, we generalize Sun ’s theorem to Parseval frames.

Introduction: With regard to an increase in use of modern communication technologies including mobile facilities and their application in learning and training, taking quality and users’ needs into account is a fundamental matter. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the factors influencing mobile learning from the perspective of M.S. and Ph.D. medical sciences students studying at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences based on FRAME model.Methods: In this descriptive study, the sample included 150 graduates M.Sc. and Ph.D. students of allied health medicine (Nursing, Midwifery and Hygiene fields) in Esfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013 that were selected through stratified random sampling. Data gathering tool was researcher-made questionnaire including 29 questions based on FRAME model. Face and content validity of the tool was confirmed and the reliability of internal consistency index (Cronbach’s Alpha) was 0.84 and finally we used descriptive statistics for data analysis.Results: The results showed that in learner component, the highest mean (3.85±1.08) related to learner' attitude towards mobile phone as a learning tool. In social component, the highest mean (3.24±1.04) belonged to the use of mobile phones for interaction with classmates. In interaction learning component, the highest mean (2.48±0.97) related to use of this device for transfer of ideas and information with other learners. In the usability of the device component, the highest mean (3.37±1.46) related to the use of cell phones for educational and research activities throughout the day. In social technology component, the highest mean (3.90±0.92) related to the use of electronic books in education. Finally in tool component, the results showed that learners prefer a flat touch screen mobile phone with high processing speed and having more than 3 GB memory in average size.Conclusion: With regard to the obtained results, designers of M-learning tools should take the users’ preferences into account and produce those tools, maximizing the efficacy of such learning type.

Background and Aim: Hospitals are One of the vital and sensitive places as well as practical that maintaining their function in normal conditions and in times of crisis is one of the biggest concerns of health system managers. By using the principles of fire safety, hospitals' vulnerability can be reduced. Fire is one of the risks that can lead to many human and financial losses as well as disruption of hospital performance. Fire risk assessment is a more effective way to assess the vulnerability, capacity and capability of the hospital. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of fire in one of the hospitals in Tehran to analyze the vulnerability of these uses. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by using the Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME) in the hospital building of a military hospital. Fire risk was calculated using the formulas of the mentioned method in EXCEL software. Factors influencing the level of risk obtained were identified and evaluated. Results: The level of fire risk for residents in all units was higher than one. Level factor, fire load factor and normal protection factor were identified as effective factors that result in the existing fire risk level. Conclusion: The numerical value of the risk for the residents was at an unfavorable level. The results of this study showed that the use of FRAME method in assessing the risk of health facilities such as hospitals, by determining the strengths and weaknesses of the assessed locations, the possibility of identifying effective factors to predict and prevent accidents and maintain the performance of these centers at times. Be sensitive to such manmade or natural emergencies.

Progressive Collaps is a phenomenon in which a partial damage or local breakdown or initial local failure from one element to another causes a collapse in the whole structure or a large part of the structure. Due to the fact that the behavior of structures in the progressive failure can be related to various factors, such as how the loads are transferred to the nodes, the type of connections and their behavior can be very effective in the progressive Collaps of the structure.Therefore, the study of the effect of the type of connection in the progressive Collaps of the structures can demonstrate the performance of the Resistant systems of the structural steel well. To investigate this issue, steel structures, structures with a number of floors 5, 8, 10, 15 with a folding backrest system whose fittings are tight and fitted with a simple frame system whose joints are articulated, loaded and designed based on SAP2000 software. By analyzing the time history of the models, it is determined that the number of seismic responses, including the amount of lateral displacement of the classes, the base cut, the internal force of the columns, and the expansion of the failure in the structures in the use of the bending frame and the bracing frame relative to Different. It should be noted that the axial, shear and flexural forces of the elements in the frames are more than the frames, and based on the position of the column removal, it is different. Therefore, it can be said that the values of internal forces in the bending frame are more than the bracing and the amount of vertical displacement and less than the bracing frame.

Introduction: Universities research laboratories play an important role in promoting higher education. Factors such as the presence of various types of flammable chemicals, and a variety of laboratory activities have turned the issue of fire safety into one of the main safety challenges in the lab. Fire prevention is important to protect the safety of people in laboratories and adjacent units. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of fire at the University of Medical Sciences Laboratories. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, risk assessment method of FRAME was used. The data was collected using a checklist and the data from the checklist was entered into the FRAME computational program. After calculating the fire risk of the building and the contents, individuals and activities, then the labs were ranked according to the level of risk. In addition to determining the efficiency of existing facilities and protection for high risk labs and lacking adequate protection system was proposed a suitable fire system. Results: In according to the level of risk are gained, the effectiveness of existing protective measures provides only adequate protection for 35% of activities and 37% of buildings. However, considering the calculated risk for individuals, no adequate protection for individuals is provided in any laboratory. Fire safety training is mandatory for employees. Conclusion: Considering the high risk of fire risk for individuals in all laboratories and the importance of the safety of individuals, it is recommended that appropriate management measures be taken to reduce safety risks to safety priorities.